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Embedding a hidden, statistically detectable signal in AI-generated text so it can later be identified as machine-produced.
Kirchenbauer et al. (2023) proposed a watermark for language-model text: before each token is generated, a pseudo-random set of "green" tokens is favoured slightly during sampling. The bias is invisible to readers but statistically detectable from a short span of text, without access to the model — letting downstream tools flag likely AI-generated content.
Watermarking is one technical approach to provenance and misuse detection, with ongoing debate about robustness to paraphrasing.
Primary, peer-reviewed and archival sources for this definition.
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